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Diaoyu Kalesi

Introducing Diaoyu Fortress (from wikipedia)
Diaoyu Kalesi. Diaoyucheng in Chinese, is located on the Diaoyu Mountain in Heyang Town, Hechuan District, Chongqing, is known for its resistance to the Mongol armies in the latter half of the Song dynasty. The death of Mongol leader Mongke Khan during the siege of Diaoyu Fortress resulted in the immediate withdrawal of Mongol troops from Syria and East Asia. Although the Mongols and the Southern Song Dynasty were united in their fight to bring down the Jin dynasty, their pact broke immediately afterwards, and the Mongols launched an aggressive war against the tenacious Southern Song that lasted for more than a third of the 13th century. In the period from 1243 to 1279, Diaoyu experienced more than two hundred military confrontations in a miracle ofpersistent resistancethat endured for thirty-six years. The ancient Diaoyu covers an area of 2.94 kilometrekaredir. Üç tarafı su ile çevrili bir tepede yer almaktadır, Qu nehirlerinin birleştiği yere yakındır, Fu ve Jialing nehirlerinin birleştiği yerde. Arazi dik ama güzeldir. Saat 700 yıl önce, Yu Jian, Güney Song Hanedanı sırasında Moğollara direnmek için burada bir kale inşa etti (1127–1279). Sayısı on binin üzerinde olmasına rağmen ve Büyük Han Mongke'nin bizzat liderliğindedir, Moğollar küçük kaleyi ele geçiremedi. Yu Jian birçok parlak zafer kazandı, Mongke ve öncü generali Wang Tege'nin ölümüyle sonuçlandı. Mongke'nin nasıl öldüğü konusunda kaynaklar farklılık gösteriyor—Çin kaynakları büyük ölçüde Mongke'nin bir yay oku ile ölümcül şekilde yaralandığını iddia ediyor (bu iddia Süryani keşiş Bar Hebraeus'un yazılarıyla doğrulanıyor) veya bir top veya trebuchetten atılan taş bir mermi, Fars kaynakları, Mongke'nin dizanteri veya kolera gibi bulaşıcı hastalıklardan öldüğünü öne sürerken (Çin kaynakları, kuşatma sırasında bir salgının varlığını doğruluyor). Birçok tarihi mekân içerdiği için—bir deniz iskelesi, tatbikat alanları, gözetleme kuleleri, ve dahili toplarla yapılmış bir tahkimat—Diaoyu, Çin Devlet Konseyi tarafından önemli bir ulusal kültürel ve tarihi site olarak ilan edilmiştir, ve 28 August 2018 Dünya Kültürel Miras Geçici Listesi'ne alınmıştır.

Diaoyu Kalesi Hızlı Bilgiler
• Çince Adı: Diao Yu Cheng 钓鱼城
• Ziyaret İçin En İyi Zaman: Nisan'dan Kasım'a
• Tavsiye Edilen Ziyaret Saatleri: Saat 3 to 4 saat
• Yapılacak Şeyler: Tarih, askeri & yürüyüş
• Çalışma Saatleri: 08:00 to 18:00 Nisan - Ekim; 08:00 to 17:00 Kasımdan Mart'a
• Giriş Ücreti: CNY 60, 1.2 m altında çocuklar için ücretsiz (3.9ft).
• Adres: Diaoyucheng, Hechuan District, Chongqing

Diaoyu Kalesi'nde Neler Beklenir

Mongke Han, Moğol İmparatorluğu'nun Üçüncü Büyük Hanı
Mongke (doğum 1208, ölüm 1259), Cengiz Han'ın torunu ve büyük Moğol imparatorluğunun varisi. Büyük han olarak seçildiğinde 1251, he was the last man who held this title to base his capital at Karakorum, in central Mongolia. Under his rule the city achieved an unprecedented splendour, and the Mongol Empire continued to expand at a rapid rate. Its territory became so large and diverse that Mongke was the last great khan capable of exerting real authority over all the Mongol conquests. In the West, Mongke’s armies, led by his brother Hulagu, launched an attack on Iran, crushing the last resistance there by the end of 1256. The Mongols then advanced on Iraq, taking the capital at Baghdad in 1258. From there they moved into Syria in 1259, took Damascus and Aleppo, and reached the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. In the East, Mongke’s armies, under the command of his other brother, the famous Kublai, outflanked Song Dynasty in the south and captured the Thai kingdom of Nan-chao, located in present-day Dali, Yunnan Eyaleti. They then brought much of present-day Vietnam under their suzerainty. Meanwhile the main Mongol forces began to advance against China proper. In 1257 Mongke took personal charge of his armies within China. In 1259, Mongke Khan died in the battlefield of Diaoyu Fortress. He was succeeded by his brother Kublai, who completed the conquest of China.

Siege of Diaoyu Fortress (from wikipedia)
Mongke’s siege of Diaoyu Castle began sometime between 24 February and 25 March 1259. The siege lasted for approximately five months. The commander of the Song forces in the castle was Wang Jian. Möngke sent his general Wang Dechen as the vanguard of the Mongol army. The Mongols initially tried to break the castle’s gates. When this strategy was proven ineffective, they started night raids on the outer part of the castle on minor defensive structures. Although these raids surprised the Song army at first, the Mongols were not able to break into the castle. During these attempts, Wang Dechen was killed by a Song mangonel. In the seventh month of the first year of Kaiqing, Mongke was giving up the original plan of capturing the castle and instead, to dispatch his remaining forces to attack Chongqing, ancak, Diaoyu Fortress would soon prove to be his place of demise, as Mongke died during the siege. Sources differ on how Mongke actually died—Chinese sources claim that Mongke was mortally injured by artillery fire from either a shell or stone projectile from a cannon shot or trebuchet, or a bolt from a crossbow arrow (bu iddia Süryani keşiş Bar Hebraeus'un yazılarıyla doğrulanıyor), Fars kaynakları, Mongke'nin dizanteri veya kolera gibi bulaşıcı hastalıklardan öldüğünü öne sürerken (Çin kaynakları, kuşatma sırasında bir salgının varlığını doğruluyor). After receiving the news that his brother died, Kublai decided to withdraw his troops. He threatened the Song that he would attack Lin’an, the capital of Song, to deter any possible retaliation by the Song armies. His strategy proved effective. The prime minister of Song Jia Sidao soon sent his ambassador to negotiate a peace treaty. Diaoyu Castle remained in the hands of Song armies. Mongols under Kublai tried to take it in 1263 but failed again. In the following decade, the Mongols routinely returned to the castle every autumn. In 1279, the garrison of Diaoyu Castle surrendered to the Mongols two months before the end of the Song dynasty.

Aftermath of Diaoyu Fortress Battle
Başlangıç 1246 to 1279, the Chinese resistance to Mongol conquest in the region of Sichuan lasted 36 yıllar. Mongke Han, Moğol İmparatorluğu'nun dördüncü hanı, bu savaşta hayatını kaybetti, Moğolların fetih seferleri sırasında hanlarını kaybettikleri tek savaş oldu. Möngke'nin ölümü Moğol İmparatorluğu'nun bölünmesine yol açtı. Hulagu kalıcı olarak Pers'te kaldı, Kublai ve Ariq Böke ise hanlık unvanını ele geçirmek için mücadele etti. Song hanedanı geçici olarak yok olmanın eşiğinden kurtarıldı. Ancak, Kublai sonunda Song hanedanının sonunu yılında işaret etti 1279, 20 Diaoyu Kalesi kuşatmasından yıllar sonra. Her iki olay geri döndürülemezdi ve Çin, Moğol, ve dünya tarihinde büyük öneme sahipti.

Diaoyu Kalesi'ne nasıl gidilir
• Diaoyu Kalesi Chongqing'den yaklaşık 80 km uzaklıktadır.
• Rent a car/bus from GGC to enjoy a hassle free private transfer from hotels in Chongqing to Diaoyu Fortress.

"علم را طلب کنید حتى و لو في الصين."

“Bilgiyi Çin'e kadar arayın.”

Peygamber Muhammed (ona salât ve selâm olsun)