المسجد الكبير في شيان

المسجد الكبير في شيان يُسمى أيضًا مسجد هواجوي شيانغ. المسلمون المحليون يسمونه دونغداسي ويعني المسجد الكبير الشرقي. المسجد الكبير في شيان مسجد هادئ وتاريخي يخدم مجتمع المسلمين في شيان منذ مئات السنين. كونه أكبر وأفضل مسجد قديم محفوظ في الصين, مباني المسجد الكبير في شيان تمثل مزيجًا رائعًا من الأسلوب الصيني والعربي. أُدرج المسجد الكبير في شيان ضمن قائمة التراث الإسلامي لليونسكو في 1985.

According to historical records engraved on a stone tablet collected by Xian Great Mosque, there was a mosque built in Tang Dynasty capital Chang’an (today’s Xi’an) في 742 خلال عهد أسرة تانغ (618-907). ومع ذلك, this is the not the proof that Xian’s Great Mosque was built at the current location in 742 because the area of the Great Mosque was where the Royal City of Chang’an was located during the Tang Dynasty. The Royal City was where Tang Empire’s government offices located and places of worships were not allowed inside Chang’an’s Royal city.

Xian’s Muslim community was formed during the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) when Muslims enjoyed much higher social status than Han Chinese. Muslims played an important role in helping the founding of Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), seven mosques were built in today’s Muslim quarter of Xian including the Great Mosque of Xian to honor their contribution. The Great Mosque of Xian underwent renovation and expansion during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).

The Great Mosque is made up of four successive courtyards that lead up to the main prayer hall at the western end of the mosque. Each courtyard contains a central monument, such as a pavilion, a stone gate or a tower. The total area is over 12,000 أمتار مربعة.

In the first courtyard, there is a wooden memorial archway with two sculptured dragon stone tablets on both sides. The archway is nine meters high, made up of a main gate and two smaller side gates. It can be traced back to the 17th century. The archway is painted red with exquisite carvings and supported by several red wooden pillars. Three chambers stand either side, in which now is displayed some furniture preserved from the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Walking across the Three Room Hall, on which the Chinese Name of the mosque is written, is the second courtyard. A stone gate stands in the middle, four Chinese characters “Tian Jian Zai Zi” are carved on the gate, meaning Allah is watching here and now. Further west, there are two stone steles. On the steles are famous calligraphic writings, the one to the north is from a famous Song Dynasty Muslim calligrapher, Mi Fu, and other one is from Dong Qichang, a Ming Dynasty calligrapher.

Standing in the center of the third courtyard, is a 3-storied octagonal tower in traditional Chinese architecture, serving as the minaret of the mosque. اللون الباهت للبرج يخبر بأنه قد وقف في مواجهة الرياح والأمطار لفترة طويلة. التحف الثقافية الثمينة من عهد مينغ وتشينغ مثل المخطوطات واللوحات محفوظة في القاعات المحاذية لهذا الباحة.

المرور عبر الممر الحجري للباحة الرابعة, هو جناح الحقيقة الواحدة. يقال إن الجناح تم بناؤه خلال عهد أسرة تشينغ. بسبب أن الجناح يشبه طائر الفينيق وهو يمد جناحيه, يطلق عليه أيضًا جناح الفينيق. يمنع النظر المباشر إلى أهم مبنى في المسجد, قاعة الصلاة. وراء جناح الفينيق يوجد بركتان صغيرتان, تحتوي الآن على نوافير.

تقع قاعة الصلاة في الطرف الغربي للمجمع بأكمله. تغطي 1300 ويمكن أن تستوعب أكثر من 1000 شخص للصلاة في نفس الوقت. The ceiling of the prayer hall is decorated with over 600 colored panels where Koran was carved 600 سنوات مضت. The walls, the gate and panels of the prayer hall are decorated with patterns of trailing plants and Arabic letters.